Ultra-Wideband Testing
Ultra-Wideband (UWB) is changing the industry and accurate testing is the key to success. Rely on our expertise to ensure your UWB products meet the highest standards and global market conformity.UWB Benefits & Testing Essentials
Ultra-Wideband (UWB), as defined in the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, is an advanced wireless technology that transmits data using ultra-short pulses across a wide frequency range.
This unique approach offers key advantages:
Reduced Interference: UWB signals spread across a broad spectrum, minimizing interference with other systems like traditional radio.
Robustness: UWB excels in signal-dense environments, filtering out narrowband interference for reliable performance.
High Data Rates: Rapid pulse repetition enables fast data transfer over short distances.
Enhanced Security: UWB’s complex signals and antenna array technology offer superior protection against unauthorized access.
However, these advantages come with significant compliance testing challenges, requiring advanced laboratory equipment and specialized expertise. With our extensive experience and state-of-the-art laboratory, we ensure that your UWB products meet global standards and are prepared for market success.
Find out more about our testing capabilities and the advanced equipment we use in our Spectrum & Measurement Bandwidths section.
UWB Prototype Testing
Discover the world of precise UWB measurements with IB-Lenhardt AG! Our Radio Lab Engineer Sebastian will guide you through everything you need to know about UWB lab testing (Video with English subtitles).
From car keys and smartphones to through-the-wall imaging sensors, we provide optimal test results and maximum customer satisfaction. Find out more in this video and contact us for more information.
Diverse UWB Use Cases
UWB technology is being increasingly adopted across various industries, offering a wide range of applications:
Precise localization and tracking
UWB enables highly accurate positioning and movement tracking, which is utilized in multiple sectors, including:
Tag/Anchor Systems: Efficient tracking of goods in logistics for inventory management or theft prevention.
Consumer Electronics: Integration into smartphones (e.g., by Apple, Samsung, Huawei) to enable features like digital car keys or indoor navigation.
Automotive Industry: UWB-powered car keys offer enhanced security and precision in unlocking and starting vehicles.
Digital radio transmission
UWB is also used for wireless data transmission over short distances and offers high data rates. Particularly useful for applications such as:
Fast Data Synchronization: Transferring large amounts of data between devices in a short time.
Reliable Connections: Minimal energy consumption with reduced interference from other wireless systems.
Radar Applications
UWB radars offer benefits across different sectors:
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS): Increase safety and driving comfort with functions such as automatic braking, lane departure warning and adaptive cruise control.
Civilian Use: Ground-penetrating radar systems for exploring subsurface structures or through-wall imaging systems for rescue operations.
Military Applications: UWB is used in synthetic aperture radars (SAR) to produce high-resolution images for surveillance and reconnaissance.
Why IB-Lenhardt AG
Spectrum & Measurement Bandwidths
UWB measurements present several challenges. They require advanced equipment, including spectrum analyzers with measurement bandwidths up to 50 MHz, high-gain, low-noise amplifiers with minimal inherent noise, and a selection of high-precision horn antennas that operate in narrow frequency ranges.
To ensure the necessary precision, our experts use a Rohde & Schwarz FSW50 spectrum analyzer, industry-leading low-noise amplifiers from B&Z and a range of horn antennas from Pasternack and Flann. Our team of engineers has successfully completed numerous UWB test projects and brings extensive experience to each new challenge.
We understand that each product is unique and requires customized solutions. That is why we make it a priority to work closely with our customers to meet their individual needs.
We prioritize your satisfaction by offering:
Experience and expertise:
With years of experience in testing and certifying wireless products, we are your reliable partner for UWB testing.Modern testing facilities:
Our DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025 accredited test laboratories are equipped with the latest technology to ensure accurate and reliable test results.Customer satisfaction:
We value close partnerships with our customers and deliver customized solutions that meet their specific requirements. Our ISO 9001:2015 quality management certification (PDF) guarantees the highest standards for all our processes and services.
Take advantage of our worldwide network! With us, your products are always up to date and future-proof.
UWB Standards
European Union (ETSI)
Standard: ETSI EN 302 065 (Part 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
Part 1: Requirements for Generic UWB applications
Part 2: Requirements for UWB location tracking
Part 3: Requirements for UWB devices for ground based vehicular applications
Part 4: Material Sensing devices using UWB technology below 10,6 GHz
Part 5: Devices using UWB technology onboard aircraft
The correct classification of the corresponding standards for the respective device is crucial, as the requirements can differ greatly depending on the standard.
International Market Standards
USA (FCC)
Standard: CFR 47 Part 15 F (Ultra-Wideband Operation), KDB 393764 D01.
Most devices that are approved on the market fall into Part 15.517 (indoor devices) and 15.519 (hand-held devices). It is very important to correctly determine the classification from the beginning, as the requirements for devices differ significantly as a result. One of the parameters here is a corresponding proof that an indoor device is really only used inside buildings and not outside (e.g. AC or LAN cable connection, no battery operation etc.).
Canada (ISED)
Standard: ISED RSS-220.
It is a common misconception that the UWB frequency ranges are the same for FCC and IC. If FCC allows a UWB signal with maximum E.I.R.P. -41.3 dBm in the frequency range 3.1 GHz - 10.6 GHz, for IC the same limits apply only for the frequency range 4.75 GHz - 10.6 GHz. Since this is often not taken into account during development, expensive rework measures (firmware, recertification) can arise later.
Japan (MIC)
Standard: ARIB STD-T91
The transmission bandwidth at -10 dB is at least 450 MHz.
Test Setup
FAQ: Preparation and Test Procedure
- Do we need to provide only a standard device or also a modified device with an SMA connector (hereafter referred to as "modified device") for conducted testing?
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Testing for FCC, ISED, and ETSI: Most measurements are typically conducted using radiated tests with standard (non-modified) devices. Radiated testing is the standard method for these regulations.
Conducted Measurements: Certain parameter measurements, such as bandwidth measurements, can be performed conducted. These tests generally require significantly less time than radiated tests. Therefore, especially when testing equipment (EUT) has multiple channels, having a modified device can help reduce overall testing time.
Specific Requirements for Japan: In Japan, only conducted measurements with modified devices are allowed. Radiated measurements are not permitted due to high noise levels that exceed the allowable limits.
- In what mode should the samples for the test work be delivered?
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When delivering samples for testing, consider the following requirements:
Continuous Modulation Mode: For compliance testing in all regions (FCC, ISED, MIC, ETSI), samples must be capable of operating in continuous modulation mode across all channels.
Normal Operating Mode: For all portable UWB devices, a normal operating mode is also required. Additionally, a companion device is necessary to allow testing in this mode.
Receiver Mode (ETSI and MIC Standards): For tests according to ETSI and MIC standards, a receiver mode is needed. In this mode, the EUT (Equipment Under Test) should wait for a signal from the companion device without transmitting any signals itself.
Implementation Considerations: If feasible, implement the receiver mode so it can operate without requiring a companion device, as the presence of a companion device during testing in receiver mode may introduce additional emissions.
- Is the distinction between an indoor or handheld UWB device important for FCC/ISED testing?
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Yes, it is important. The type of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) device—whether portable or intended for indoor use—significantly affects testing requirements.
Stricter Limits for Portable Devices: For portable UWB devices, the FCC and ISED impose stricter limits. Additionally, a specific test, known as the transmission pause test, is required for these devices. The FCC defines a portable UWB device as "a small UWB device intended for frequent outdoor operation and capable of operating without fixed infrastructure."
Indoor UWB Devices: If a UWB device is designed for indoor use, it must include a specific notice either on the device or in the accompanying user guide: "This device is intended for indoor operation only. Outdoor operation is a violation of 47 U.S.C. 301 and may result in serious legal consequences to the operator."
Additional Considerations: Other key characteristics for indoor devices include their operation in conjunction with fixed wire networks and the absence of an internal battery, relying instead on AC or PoE (Power over Ethernet) for power.
- Is there a difference between the FCC and ISED testing requirements?
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Yes, there are important differences. The radiated emission limits differ notably between FCC and ISED, particularly in the lower frequency ranges.
ISED (RSS-220) Limits: For ISED in Canada, the radiated emission limit is set at -70 dBm for the frequency range of 1610 MHz to 4750 MHz.
FCC Limits: For FCC in the United States, the corresponding limit is -41.3 dBm for the frequency range of 3100 MHz to 10600 MHz for handheld and indoor equipment.
Practical Implications: Due to the stricter limits under ISED, it is nearly impossible to operate UWB devices in Canada within the frequency range below 4750 MHz.
- What should I look for when choosing a lab to test my UWB equipment?
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When selecting a lab for testing your Ultra-Wideband (UWB) equipment, consider the following key factors:
Spectrum Analyzer Capabilities: The FCC requires that peak power is measured within a 50 MHz bandwidth. Therefore, the lab must have a spectrum analyzer capable of measuring with a resolution bandwidth (RBW) of 50 MHz. While there is an alternative method for measuring with a lower RBW, labs that rely on this approach without the proper equipment often struggle to obtain accurate power measurements. This can lead to testing delays and may necessitate transferring the project to a lab with the appropriate equipment.
Low Noise Amplifiers and Antennas: The lab should be equipped with a range of low noise amplifiers featuring high gain and low noise figures, as well as a variety of antennas with narrow frequency ranges and high gain. Relying on a limited selection of antennas or amplifiers with suboptimal parameters is typically insufficient for most UWB projects.
- Is it enough to send sample devices by mail for testing? Or do I have to come in person to help set the devices in operating mode?
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For the testing of all devices, we require a detailed test instruction. Additionally, we recommend creating videos that demonstrate how to properly set the Equipment Under Test (EUT) into the correct operation mode. When the EUT is thoroughly prepared for testing, we can conduct all tests without requiring your physical presence.
If any issues arise during testing, we will address them using remote control software (e.g., TeamViewer) and video calls. Rest assured, all tests can be completed without the need for you to be on-site.
Do you have further questions?
The experts at IB-Lenhardt AG and IBL-Lab GmbH are always there for you. Just contact us!Frequently Asked Questions
General information about UWB
- What is Ultra-Wideband and how does it work?
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Ultra-Wideband is a radio-based communication technology for close range that is used for fast and stable data transmission over distances up to 40 meters (130 ft). Ultra-Wideband technology has characteristics such as high precision, high transmission speed and high reliability and is used to locate people and objects for access control and data communication. Compared to other radio technologies that modulate sinusoidal carrier frequencies, UWB transmits short transmission pulses with low power over a wide frequency range (at least 500 MHz). UWB signals cannot interfere with other narrowband transmission methods and are therefore perceived only as noise.
- Why is it called Ultra-Wideband?
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It is called Ultra-Wideband due to the wide bandwidth of the UWB signal in the frequency domain. Thanks to short pulses in the time domain with a high repetition rate, a high data rate is achieved.
- How does UWB measure distance?
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The distance between two objects can be calculated based on the Time of Flight (ToF). ToF assumes the speed of light and measures the time it takes to travel a distance from the transmitter to the target and back. The time difference between the transmission and the reception multiplied by the speed of light provides the actual distance of the target in millimeters with a high accuracy.
- What is the range of UWB?
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Ultra-Wideband is a short-range technology within which the detection of devices is possible under 200 meters. However, it operates most accurately over distances between 1-50 meters and works best with line of sight between the devices.
- What is the difference between UWB and Wi-Fi?
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The difference between Ultra-Wideband and Wi-Fi is that UWB is a short-range technology that covers a wide frequency bandwidth of 500 MHz and transmits with low power. Wi-Fi is a radio network that operates in a bandwidth approximately between 20-40 MHz. Besides, it is not only used for data communication but also for positioning and access control. UWB provides a higher degree of accuracy and security because distance is measured by ToF, not by measuring signal strength like Wi-Fi does. Another difference is that UWB can be located real time and in all directions, even when multiple wireless connection technologies are operating. Wi-Fi can overlap with neighboring channels.
- Which regulatory requirements are necessary?
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For launching a product on the market with Ultra-Wideband technology official approval is required for the relevant national and international markets.
The following are the most important:
EU (ETSI):
Standard: ETSI EN 302 065 (Part 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
USA (FCC):
Standard: CFR 47 Part 15 F (Ultra-Wideband Operation), KDB 393764 D01
Canada (ISED):
Standard: ISED RSS-220
Japan (MIC):
Standard: ARIB STD-T91
Contact Us
UWB Testing for your Needs
We gladly perform electrical Ultra-Wideband tests tailored to your special demands and support you along the evolution of your product through development-accompanying tests. Send us your inquiry!